76034 Law of Slavery and Human Trafficking

Warning: The information on this page is indicative. The subject outline for a particular session, location and mode of offering is the authoritative source of all information about the subject for that offering. Required texts, recommended texts and references in particular are likely to change. Students will be provided with a subject outline once they enrol in the subject.

Subject handbook information prior to 2017 is available in the Archives.

UTS: Law
Credit points: 6 cp
Result type: Grade and marks

Requisite(s): ( 70616 Australian Constitutional Law OR ((70108c Public International Law OR 76006c Public International Law) AND 70110 Introduction to Law))
The lower case 'c' after the subject code indicates that the subject is a corequisite. See definitions for details.
These requisites may not apply to students in certain courses.
There are course requisites for this subject. See access conditions.
Anti-requisite(s): 78222 Law of Slavery and Human Trafficking AND 78223 Law of Slavery and Human Trafficking

Description

Slavery and human trafficking are transnational crimes. This subject comprehensively explains and evaluates international and domestic responses to slavery and human trafficking within an international law and human rights framework. While the subject addresses international law, it does so with an appreciation of the practical application of the law. The subject draws students to a critical evaluation of the state's responsibility to protect and support, and develop effective criminal justice responses. Areas covered include: the legal definitions; the international legal framework; the intersection between migrant worker exploitation, slavery and trafficking; the gender implications of slavery; trafficking and refugee law; and trafficking as a crime against humanity. State responsibility at international law is reviewed to develop a sound knowledge of the state's obligations to protect and support as well as to promote the application of effective remedies. An effective domestic and international criminal justice response is critical in the development of a framework to prevent trafficking and ensure prosecution of transnational crimes. The dimension of slavery and trafficking — the link between such transnational crimes, economic opportunities, substandard working conditions and migration — is explored. Vulnerability to trafficking, the issues of demand and the supply chain, and corruption are addressed, as well as compliance standards, monitoring mechanisms and the role of civil society. Finally, the course concludes with consideration of a body of international literature which is critical to the implementation of anti-trafficking measures.

At the end of the course, students are expected to have a deep understanding of the principles of international law and their application within the Australian domestic context. Students also gain sophisticated insight and understanding of the application of international law through a comprehensive evaluation of selected areas of law.

Subject learning objectives (SLOs)

Upon successful completion of this subject students should be able to:

1.	understand, analyse and evaluate social and legal contexts underpinning slavery and human trafficking, to identify international obligations to prevent trafficking and protect those trafficked;
2.	demonstrate knowledge of international and domestic legal definitions, legal frameworks, international obligations, State responses to slavery and human trafficking and the characteristics of an effective criminal justice response;
3.	demonstrate a sophisticated understanding of slavery and human trafficking in the modern world, to develop the ability to formulate workable responses to prevent trafficking, protect those trafficked and appreciate the role of multilateral and bilateral agreements in the development of criminal justice frameworks.

Course intended learning outcomes (CILOs)

This subject also contributes specifically to the development of the following graduate attributes:

Legal Knowledge
A coherent understanding of fundamental areas of legal knowledge including the Australian legal system, social justice, cultural and international contexts and the principles and values of ethical practice. (1.0)
Ethics and Professional Responsibility
A capacity to value and promote honesty, integrity, accountability, public service and ethical standards including an understanding of approaches to ethical decision making, the rules of professional responsibility and, an ability to reflect upon and respond to ethical challenges in practice. (2.0)
Critical Analysis and Evaluation
A capacity to think critically, strategically and creatively including an ability to identify and articulate legal issues, apply reasoning and research, engage in critical analysis and make reasoned choices. (3.0)

Teaching and learning strategies

Strategy 1 - Lectures to introduce, explain and develop knowledge, and outline major concepts, theories and principles.
Strategy 2 - Participatory seminar classes will encourage independent evaluation and critical evaluation and analysis.
Strategy 3 - Class presentations will develop theoretical and practical understanding of the subject.
Strategy 4 - Independent research and writing to foster research skill, evaluation and critical analysis
Strategy 5 - The subject will be supported by UTS Online
Strategy 6 - Guest lecturers may be invited to contribute practical and international expertise

Content (topics)

Topic 1 - International Legal Definitions and International Frameworks.
Topic 2 - Vulnerability to trafficking and State Responsibility.
Topic 3 - International obligations to protect and support trafficked people. Effective remedies.
Topic 4 - Effective criminal justice responses and compliance.
Topic 5 - Australia’s response to people slavery and human trafficking.

Assessment

Assessment task 1: Research Essay

Intent:	To develop critical thinking and analysis, evaluate legal issues and appreciate global issues in the formulation of legal responses to slavery and trafficking.
Objective(s):	This task addresses the following subject learning objectives: 1, 2 and 3 This task contributes specifically to the development of the following graduate attributes: 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0
Type:	Essay
Groupwork:	Individual
Weight:	60%
Length:	3,000 words maximum. The 10% rule does not apply to this assessment task.
Criteria:	Legal research, critical thinking and evaluation, logical argument and writing style.

Assessment task 2: Seminar Presentation

Intent:	To encourage clear communication of legal concepts and issues and promotion of informed debate amongst class participants.
Objective(s):	This task addresses the following subject learning objectives: 1, 2 and 3 This task contributes specifically to the development of the following graduate attributes: 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0
Type:	Presentation
Weight:	20%
Length:	Approximately 1,000 words equivalent.
Criteria:	Assessment criteria will focus on a demonstrated understanding of the issues, research skills, analysis, presentation of material and communication with group.

Assessment task 3: Reaction Papers 1 & 2

Intent:	To promote reflection on class readings and to promote informed discussion of the issues.
Objective(s):	This task addresses the following subject learning objectives: 1, 2 and 3 This task contributes specifically to the development of the following graduate attributes: 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0
Type:	Reflection
Weight:	20%
Length:	500 words each.

Required texts

Gallagher, Anne T., International Law of Human Trafficking,Cambridge University Press, 2012.

Recommended texts

Allain, Jean, The Law and Slavery: Prohibiting Human Exploitation, Leiden, The Netherlands, Boston Brill Nijhoff, 2015.

Allain, Jean, Slavery in International Law: Of Human Exploitation and Trafficking, Leiden;Boston: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 2013.

Beate Andrees and Patrick Belser, eds. Forced Labor: Coercion and Exploitation in the Private Economy, Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2009.

Berg, Laurie, Migrant Rights at Work: Law's Precariousness at the Intersection of Immigration and Labour. London: New York, 2016.

Brysk, Alison, Choic-FItzpatrick, Austin, From human trafficking to human rights: reframing contemporary slavery, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2012.

Burgmann, Verity, Globalization and Labour in the Twenty-First Century, Abidgdon, Oxon New York Routledge, 2016.

Cameron, Sally & Newman, Edward eds, Trafficking in Humans. Social, Cultural and Political Dimensions, United Nations Press, 2008.

Campbell, Gwyn, Stanziani Alessandro, Debt and Slavery in the Mediterranean and Atlantic Worlds, Financial history; no 22, London; Pickering & Chatto,2013.

Dragiewicz,Molly ed.,Global human trafficking: critical issues and contexts, Abingdon, Oxon New York, NY Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, 2015.

Elliott, Jessica, The role of consent in human trafficking, Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2014.

Gallagher, Anne T, The International Law of Migrant Smuggling, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2014.

Lewis, Hannah, Precarious lives: forced labour, exploitation and asylum, Bristol: The Policy Press, 2015.

Jansson, Dominika Borg, Modern Slavery: a comparative study of the definition of trafficking in persons. Leiden; Bosten:Brill 2015.

Lawrance, Benjamin N, Roberts, Richard L. Trafficking in Slavery's Wake: law and the experience of women and children. Athens: Ohio University Press, 2012.

Malloch, Margaret Sl, Rigby, Paul, Human Trafficking: the complexities of exploitation, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2016.

Martinez, Jenny S, The Slavery Trade and the Origins of International Human Rights Law, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012.

Mullally, Siobhan, Care, migration, and human rights: law and practice. Routledge research in human rights series. New York: Routledge, 2015.

Murphy, Laura, Survivors of Slavery: modern-day slave narratives, New York: Columbia University Press,2014.

O'Connell Davidson, Julia, Modern Slavery: the margins of freedom. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire; New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015.

Quirk, Joel, The Anti-Slavery Project: from the slave trade to human trafficking. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2011.

Scarpa, Silvia, Trafficking in human beings. modern slavery, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008.

Walvin, James, The Zong a massacre, the Law and the End of Slavery, New Haven: Yale University Press, 2011.

Kara, Siddharth, Bonded Labor: tackling the system of slavery in South Asia. New York: Columbia University Press, 2012.

References

International Conventions

Abolition of Forced Labour Convention C105, opened for signature 25 June 1957, ILO No C105 (entered into force 17 January 1959)

Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, opened for signature 18 December 1979, 660 UNTS 195 (entered into force 3 September 1981) (‘CEDAW’).

Convention on the Rights of the Child (opened for signature 20 November 1989) 1577 UNTS 3 (entered into force 2 September 1990)

Forced Labour Convention C29, opened for signature 28 June 1930, ILO No C29 (entered into force 1 May 1932)

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, opened for signature 16 December 1966, 999 UNTS 171 (entered into force 23 March 1976) art 23(2)

International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, opened for signature 16 December 1966, 993 UNTS 3 (entered into force 3 January 1976)

International Convention to Suppress the Slave Trade and Slavery, open for signature 25 September 1926, 212 UNTS 17 (entered into force 18 June 1927)

Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict, opened for signature 25 May 2000, 2173 UNTS 222 (entered into force 12 February 2002)

Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography, opened for signature 16 March 2001, 2171 UNTS 227 (entered into force 18 January 2002)

Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, Supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime opened for signature 15 November 2000, 2237 UNTS 319 (entered into force 25 December 2003)

Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery, the Slave Trade, and Institutions and Practices Similar to Slavery, open for signature 7 September 1956, 226 UNTS 3 (entered into force 30 April 1957)

United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, opened for signature 8 January 2001, 2225 UNTS 209 (entered into force 8 January 2001)

Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention C182, opened for signature 17 June 1999, ILO No C182 (entered into force 19 November 2000)

Reports by United Nations and international Organizations

United Nations

Maria Grazia Giammarinaro, Report of the Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially women and children - Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations: protecting victims of trafficking and people at risk of trafficking, especially women and children, UN Doc A/HRC/32/41 (3 May 2016) <https://documents-dds- ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/ GEN/G16/090/48/PDF/ G1609048.pdf?OpenElement>

Report of the Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially women and children - Due diligence and trafficking in persons, UN Doc A/70/260 (3 August 2015) <http://www.un.org/en/ga/search/ view_doc.asp?symbol=A/70/260>

Maria Grazia Giammarinaro, Report of the Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially women and children - Second consultative meeting on strengthening partnerships with national rapporteurs on trafficking in persons and equivalent mechanisms, UN Doc A/HRC/29/38/Add.2 (2 April 2015)

Maria Grazia Giammarinaro, Report of the Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially women and children - Agenda setting of the work of the Special Rapporteur, UN Doc A/HRC/29/38 (31 March 2015)

Maria Grazia Giammarinaro, Report of the Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially women and children - The first decade of the mandate of the Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially women and children, UN Doc A/69/33797 (28 July 2014)

Joy Ngozi Ezeilo, Report of the Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially women and children - Stocktaking exercise on the work of the mandate on its tenth Anniversary, UN Doc A/HRC/26/37 (1 April 2014)

Joy Ngozi Ezeilo, Report of the Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially women and children - Addendum - Stocktaking exercise on the work of the mandate on its 10th anniversary, UN Doc A/HRC/26/37/Add.2 (27 March 2014)

Joy Ngozi Ezeilo, Report of the Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially women and children - Addendum - Strengthening partnerships with national rapporteurs on trafficking in persons and equivalent mechanisms, Berlin meeting, UN Doc A/HRC/26/37/Add.1 (21 March 2014)

Joy Ngozi Ezeilo, Report of the Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially women and children – The issue of trafficking in persons for the removal of organs, UN Doc A/68/256 (2 August 2013) < http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Issues/ Trafficking/A-68-256-English.pdf>

Joy Ngozi Ezeilo, Report of the Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially women and children - Integration of a human rights-based approach in measures to discourage the demand that fosters all forms of exploitation of persons, especially women and children, and which leads to human trafficking, UN Doc A/HRC/23/48 (18 March 2013) < https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G13/ 122/82/PDF/G1312282.pdf?OpenElement>

Joy Ngozi Ezeilo, Report of the Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially women and children – The issue of human trafficking in supply chains, UN Doc A/67/261 (7 August 2012) <https://documents-dds- ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/ GEN/N12/454/33/PDF/N1245433.pdf?OpenElement>

Joy Ngozi Ezeilo, Report of the Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially women and children - A human rights-based approach to the administration of criminal justice in cases of trafficking in persons, UN Doc A/HRC/20/18 (6 June 2012) < https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/ UNDOC/GEN/G12/138/05/PDF/G1213805.pdf?OpenElement>

Joy Ngozi Ezeilo, Report of the Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially women and children - The right to an effective remedy for trafficked persons, UN Doc A/66/283 (9 August 2011) < http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Issues/ Trafficking/A-66-283.pdf>

Joy Ngozi Ezeilo, Report of the Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially women and children - The right to an effective remedy for trafficked persons, UN Doc A/HRC/17/35 (13 April 2011) < https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/ G11/127/97/PDF/G1112797.pdf?OpenElement>

Joy Ngozi Ezeilo, Report of the Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially women and children - Addendum - Consultation on the role of regional and sub-regional mechanisms in international efforts to counter trafficking in persons, especially in women and children convened by the SR on trafficking in persons, especially women and children (Dakar, 4 & 5 Oct. 2010), UN Doc A/HRC/17/35/Add.5 (21 March 2011) < https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/ doc/UNDOC/GEN/G11/122/ 48/PDF/G1112248.pdf?OpenElement>

Joy Ngozi Ezeilo, Report of the Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially women and children - Addendum - Consultation on the right to effective remedy for trafficked victims, convened by the SR on trafficking in persons, especially women and children (Bratislava, 22 & 23 Nov. 2010), UN Doc A/HRC/17/35/Add.6 (21 March 2011) < https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G11/ 122/55/PDF/G1112255.pdf?OpenElement>

Joy Ngozi Ezeilo, Report of the Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially women and children - Prevention of trafficking in persons, UN Doc A/65/288 (9 August 2010) <https://documents-dds- ny.un.org/doc/ UNDOC/GEN/N10/483/11/PDF/N1048311.pdf?OpenElement>

Joy Ngozi Ezeilo, Report of the Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially women and children - Regional and subregional cooperation in promoting a human rights-based approach to combatting trafficking in persons, UN Doc A/HRC/14/32 (4 May 2010) < https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/ UNDOC/GEN/G10/ 132/11/PDF/G1013211.pdf?OpenElement>

Joy Ngozi Ezeilo, Report of the Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially women and children - Identification, protection of and assistance to victims of trafficking, UN Doc A/64/290 (12 August 2009) < https://documents-dds- ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/ GEN/N09/456/04/PDF/N0945604.pdf?OpenElement>

Joy Ngozi Ezeilo, Report of the Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially women and children - Mandate of the Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially women and children, UN Doc A/HRC/10/16 (20 February 2009) < https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G09/ 111/28/PDF/G0911128.pdf?OpenElement>

Sigma Huda, Report of the Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially women and children - Forced marriage in the context of trafficking in persons, especially women and children, UN Doc A/HRC/4/23 (24 January 2007) < https://documents-dds- ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G07/ 104/10/PDF/G0710410.pdf?OpenElement>

Sigma Huda, Report of the Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially women and children - Demand for commercial sexual exploitation and trafficking, UN Doc E/CN.4/2006/62 (20 February 2006) < https://documents-dds- ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G06/ 109/64/PDF/G0610964.pdf?OpenElement>

Report of the Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially women and children - Mandate of the Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially women and children, UN Doc E/CN.4/2005/71 (22 December 2005) < https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/ UNDOC/GEN/G04/169/28/PDF/G0416928.pdf?OpenElement>

United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime Division, Model Law against Trafficking in Persons (6 July 2009) <. http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/frontpage/ 2009/July/model-law-on-trafficking-in-persons-.html >.

United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime Division, Legislative Guides for the implementation of the United Nations Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime and the Protocols Thereto, Part 2 (2004) < http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en /treaties/CTOC/ legislative-guide.html >

UN, Specific Human Rights Issues: Contemporary Forms of Slavery: Report of the Working Group on Contemporary Forms of Slavery in its twenty-eighth session, E/CN.4/Sub.2/2003/31 (2003).

Sigma Huda, Report of the Special Rapporteur on the human rights aspects of the victims of trafficking in persons, especially women and children, Human Rights Council, 4th session, Agenda Item 2, UN

International Labour Organization

International Labour Organization, ILO Global Estimate of Forced Labour – Results and Methodology (Report, International Labour Organization 2012) <http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_norm/ ---declaration/documents/ publication/wcms_182004.pdf>

Domestic Work is Not for Children (20 July 2016) International Labour Organization <http://www.ilo.org/global/publications/magazines-and-journals/ world-of-work-magazine/articles/WCMS_123568/lang--en/index.htm>

International Labour Organization, Combating Forced Labour. A Handbook for Employers and Business, (Guidelines, International Labour Organization, 2 February 2009) <http://www.ilo.org/global/publications/ilo-bookstore/ order-online/books/WCMS_104755/lang--en/index.htm>

International Labour Organization, Forced Labour and Human Trafficking Casebook of Court Decisions, (Report, Special Action Programme to Combat Forced Labour, 2009) <http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/ @ed_norm/@declaration/ documents/publication/wcms_106143.pdf>

Dispelling the Migrant Myth (20 July 2016) International Labour Organization <http://www.ilo.org/global/publications/magazines-and-journals/ world-of-work-magazine/articles/WCMS_081380/lang--en/index.htm>

International Labour Organization, New ILO Report: A Global Alliance Against Forced Labour (Article, International Labour Organization, 1 August 2005) <http://www.ilo.org/global/publications/ magazines-and-journals/ world-of-work-magazine/articles/WCMS_081360/lang--en/ index.htm>

International Labour Organization, Human Trafficking and Forced Labour – Guidelines for Legislation and Law Enforcement, (Guidelines, Special Action Programme to Combat Forced Labour, 2005) <http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/@ed_norm/ @declaration/documents/publication/wcms_081999.pdf>

International Labor Organization, A Global Alliance Against Forced Labour :Global Report under the follow-up to the ILO Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work (1 March 2005), p 58 [273] < http://www.ilo.org/global/publications/ilo- bookstore/order-online /books/WCMS_081882/lang--en/index.htm>

International Labour Organization, Stopping Forced Labour: Global Report Under the Follow-up to the ILO Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work. Report of the Director-General, (Report, International Labour Organization, 8 May 2001) <http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---dcomm/--- publ/documents/publication/wcms_publ_9221119483_en.pdf>

Australian Legislation

Crimes Act 1914 (Cth) Part IAD – Protecting Vulnerable Persons

Crimes Act 1914 (Cth) 21B

Criminal Code Act 1995 (Cth) 270

Criminal Code Act 1995 (Cth) 271

Criminal Code Amendment (Slavery and Sexual Servitude) Offences Act 1999 (Cth)

Criminal Code Amendment (Trafficking in Persons Offences) Act 2005 (Cth)

Crimes Legislation Amendment (Slavery, Slavery-Like Conditions and People Trafficking) Act 2013 (Cth)

Fair Work Act 2009 (Cth)

Migration Act 1958 (Cth) Division 12 - Offences Etc

Marriage Act 1961 (Cth)

Proceeds of Crime Act 2002

Australian case-law : Slavery, servitude, trafficking in persons, trafficking in children

Commonwealth DPP v Xu [2005] NSWSC 191

Ho v The Queen; Leech v The Queen [2011] VSCA 344 (slavery)

R v Chee Mei Wong (District Court of New South Wales, Judge Sweeney, 5 July 2013) (sexual servitude)

R v Divye Kumar Trivedi (District Court of New South Wales, 8 May 2012) (TIP)

R v Dobie (2009) 236 FLR 455 (slavery, TIP)

R v DS (2005) 153 A Crim R 19 (slavery)

R v Johan Sieders and Somsri Yotchomchin [2007] NSWDC 101 (sexual servitude)

R v Kovacs [2009] 2 Qd R 51 (slavery)

R v Kuavong [2013] QCA 310 (trafficking in children)

R v Kwok, R v Ong, R v Tan, R v Yoe (2005) 64 NSWLR 335R v McIvor and Tanuchit [2010] NSWDC 310 (slavery)

R v Netthip [2010] NSWDC 159 (sexual servitude)

R. v Watcharaporn Nantahkhun (Supreme Court of Australia Capital Territory, Judge Refshauge, 24 May 2012) (slavery)

R v Wei Tang (2008) 238 CLR 1 (slavery)

R v Yogalingam Rasalingam (District Court of New South Wales, Judge Puckeridge, 10–11 October 2007)

Ram v D&D Indian Fine Food Pty Ltd & Anor [2015] FCCA 389

Sieders v R; Somsri v R [2008] NSWCCA 187 The Queen v Tang (2008) 237 CLR 1 (sexual servitude)

Australian case-law – workplace exploitation – Workplace Relations Act, FWO

Flattery v The Italian Eatery T/As Zeffirelli’s Pizza Restaurant [2007] FMCA 9

Fryer v Yoga Tandoori House Pty Ltd [2008] FMCA 288

Inspector Robert John Hartle v Aprint (Aust) Pty Ltd & Anor [2007] FMCA 1547

Mason v Harrington Corporation Pty Ltd [2007] FMCA 7

Ra v Nationwide News Pty Ltd [ 2009] FCA 1308 (exploitation)

Publications from the Attorney-General’s Department

Human Trafficking and Slavery Legislation (20 July 2016) Australian Government Attorney-General’s Department <https://www.ag.gov.au/CrimeAndCorruption/HumanTrafficking/ Pages/Human-trafficking-legislation.aspx>

Forced Marriage (20 July 2016) Australian Government Attorney-General’s Department <https://www.ag.gov.au/CrimeAndCorruption/ HumanTrafficking/Pages/ForcedMarriage.aspx>

‘National Action Plan to Combat Human Trafficking and Slavery 2015-19’ (Guidelines, Australia Government, 2014) <https://www.ag.gov.au/CrimeAndCorruption/HumanTrafficking/ Documents/Trafficking- NationalActionPlanTo CombatHumanTraffickingAndSlavery2015-19.pdf>

‘Trafficking in Persons – The Australian Government Response 01 July 2014 – 30 June 2015’ (Report, No 7, Interdepartmental Committee on Human Trafficking and Slavery, 2015) <https://www.ag.gov.au/CrimeAndCorruption/HumanTrafficking/ Documents/Report-Interdepartmental-Committee-Human-Trafficking-Slavery-July-2014-June-2015.PDF>

‘Trafficking in Persons – The Australian Government Response 01 July 2013 – 30 June 2014’ (Report, No 6, Interdepartmental Committee on Human Trafficking and Slavery, 2014) <https://www.ag.gov.au/crimeandcorruption/humantrafficking/documents/ traffickinginpersons-theaustraliangovernmentresponse2013-2014.pdf>

‘Trafficking in Persons – The Australian Government Response 01 July 2012 – 30 June 2013’ (Report, No 5, Interdepartmental Committee on Human Trafficking and Slavery, 2013) <https://www.ag.gov.au/CrimeAndCorruption/HumanTrafficking/Documents/ ReportoftheInterdepartmentalCommitteeonHumanTraffickingandSlaveryJuly2012toJune2013.pdf>

‘Trafficking in Persons – The Australian Government Response 01 July 2011 – 30 June 2012’ (Report, No 4, Interdepartmental Committee on Human Trafficking and Slavery, 2012) <https://www.ag.gov.au/CrimeAndCorruption/HumanTrafficking/Documents/ ReportOfTheAntiPeopleTraffickingInterdepartmentalCommitteeJuly2011ToJune2012.pdf>

‘Trafficking in Persons – The Australian Government Response 01 July 2010 – 30 June 2011’ (Report, No 3, Anti-people Trafficking Interdepartmental Committee, 2011) <https://www.ag.gov.au/CrimeAndCorruption/HumanTrafficking/Documents/ ReportoftheAntiPeopleTrafficking InterdepartmentalCommitteeJuly10toJune11.pdf>

‘Trafficking in Persons – The Australian Government Response 1 May 2009 – 30 June 2010’ (Report, No 2, Anti-people Trafficking Interdepartmental Committee, 2010) <https://www.ag.gov.au/CrimeAndCorruption/HumanTrafficking/ Documents/ReportoftheAntiPeopleTraffickingInterdepartmental CommitteeMay09June10.pdf>

‘Trafficking in Persons – The Australian Government Response January 2004 – April 2009’ (Report, No 1, Anti-people Trafficking Interdepartmental Committee, 2009) <https://www.ag.gov.au/CrimeAndCorruption/HumanTrafficking/ Documents/ReportoftheAntiPeopleTraffickingInterdepartmental CommitteeJanuary04April09.pdf>

‘The National Roundtable on Human Trafficking and Slavery Communication and Awareness Working Group – Information About Forced Marriage for Agencies, Community Organizations and Service Providers’ (Report, Australian Government – Attorney-General’s Department) <https://www.ag.gov.au/CrimeAndCorruption/HumanTrafficking/ Documents/InformationAboutForcedMarriageForAgenciesCommunityOrgsAndServiceProvs.pdf>

Australian Institute of Criminology

David, F, ‘Labour Trafficking’ (Report, No 108, Australian Institute of Criminology, 2010) <http://www.aic.gov.au/publications/current%20series /rpp / 121-140/rpp124/05_introduction.html>

Lyneham S, Richards K, ‘Human Trafficking Involving Marriage and Partner Migration to Australia’ (Report, No 121-140, Australian Institute of Criminology, 24 April 2015) <http://www.aic.gov.au/publications/ current%20series/rpp /121-140/rpp124/ 05_introduction.html>

Simmons, F, et al., Human trafficking and slavery offenders in Australia, Canberra: AIC, 2013. http://www.aic.gov.au/publications/ current%20series/tandi/461-480/tandi464.html