Quaternary allocyclic factors that influence earth systems and their consequences. Milankovich cycles, ice ages, eustatic fluctuations and climate change; recordings of these in earth systems, their resulting elucidation, and the consequences of these and other major influences on the geosphere-biosphere. 'Greenhouse' concepts and their relationship and responses to natural and anthropogenic input. Geological hazards and their recognition, management and alleviation. Pollution and anthropogenic interference with earth systems and the problems that arise. Recognition of the environmental problems and methods for their control and alleviation.
This subject may not be offered in 2003.