66102 Introduction to Earth Systems

This is a broad-based, entry-level subject that introduces the basics necessary for geoscientific and environmental studies. It places the earth in its position in the solar system and universe, including age and origin. The subject emphasises that the earth is evolving and constantly changing, but that many of its natural processes are cyclic. Evidence such as seismology, magnetism, gravity and heatflow that provide the basis of our current understanding of the interior of the earth are introduced. Processes operating at and near the surface of the earth that result in the formation and erosion of rocks, such as the building of mountains and the formation of continents and oceans in the theory of plate tectonics are covered. Geomorphological processes and their relationship to the underlying geological sequence are presented, as well as a discussion of weathering and soil generation processes. Unravelling the history of the earth through the study of layering in rocks and an examination of the fossil record are included. A brief introduction to the geological basis for hazards such as earthquakes and tsunamis, and the setting of natural resources such as groundwater and minerals are covered. Some of the remedial activities undertaken in environmental geology and land rehabilitation are briefly dealt with, as is the role of the geosciences in understanding present-day environmental issues like climate change and resources replacement. Weekly practical classes cover a wide range of skills in map reading and geological interpretation; examination and description of sediment, minerals, rocks and fossils; and their geological interpretation. These are complimented by up to two full-day field excursions or equivalent.

Typical availability

Autumn semester, City campus