Topics for detailed study are selected from the following: cultural, political and financial influences underpinning and guiding the built environment in relation to the ecology and sustainability. The subject covers: effective planning and design processes and systems; historical and philosophical origins of the modern environmental movement; the history and nature of environmental legislation; the role of authorities and planning instruments in relation to environmental assessment and planning; sustainability and city planning; traffic, waste and water management; building design for sustainability; environmental economics; environmentally responsible development and life cycle costs; environmental risk management; the environmental audit process; environmental management planning; and application to a real development project.