In this subject, students critically examine key issues, research and approaches in numeracy instruction for students with learning difficulties and a range of disabilities. They are provided with information and experiences which assist them to determine and utilise appropriate assessment tools and develop programs based on the assessment results. Students examine adaptation of mainstream mathematics curricula and functional numeracy based on individualised ecological inventories. The role of language in numeracy instruction is also examined, and appropriate and motivating activities and teaching strategies to assist students to effectively learn are investigated in detail.